Orthographic Coordinates

Simple Astroids clone

Published Nov 12, 2017

Liked the article? Share it!

To make 2D easier to deal with, we will use an orthographics matrix to set coordinates to the pixel dimensions of the window.

main

#include <epoxy/gl.h>
#include <epoxy/glx.h>
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include "DashGL/dashgl.h"

static void on_realize(GtkGLArea *area);
static void on_render(GtkGLArea *area, GdkGLContext *context);

#define WIDTH 640.0f
#define HEIGHT 480.0f

GLuint program;
GLuint vao, vbo_triangle;
GLint attribute_coord2d;

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

	GtkWidget *window;
	GtkWidget *glArea;

	gtk_init(&argc, &argv);

	// Initialize Window

	window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
	gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Astroids Tutorial");
	gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
	gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 640, 480);
	gtk_window_set_type_hint(GTK_WINDOW(window), GDK_WINDOW_TYPE_HINT_UTILITY);
	g_signal_connect(window, "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);

	// Initialize GTK GL Area

	glArea = gtk_gl_area_new();
	gtk_widget_set_vexpand(glArea, TRUE);
	gtk_widget_set_hexpand(glArea, TRUE);
	g_signal_connect(glArea, "realize", G_CALLBACK(on_realize), NULL);
	g_signal_connect(glArea, "render", G_CALLBACK(on_render), NULL);
	gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), glArea);

	// Show widgets

	gtk_widget_show_all(window);
	gtk_main();

	return 0;

}

static void on_realize(GtkGLArea *area) {

	// Debug Message

	g_print("on realize\n");

	gtk_gl_area_make_current(area);
	if(gtk_gl_area_get_error(area) != NULL) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Unknown error\n");
		return;
	}

	const GLubyte *renderer = glGetString(GL_RENDER);
	const GLubyte *version = glGetString(GL_VERSION);

	printf("Renderer: %s\n", renderer);
	printf("OpenGL version supported %s\n", version);

	glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);

	glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
	glBindVertexArray(vao);

	GLfloat triangle_vertices[] = {
		20.0, 10.0,
		50.0, 90.0,
		80.0, 10.0
	};
	
	glGenBuffers(1, &vbo_triangle);
	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_triangle);
	glBufferData(
		GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
		sizeof(triangle_vertices),
		triangle_vertices,
		GL_STATIC_DRAW
	);
	
	const char *vs = "shader/vertex.glsl";
	const char *fs = "shader/fragment.glsl";

	program = shader_load_program(vs, fs);

	const char *attribute_name = "coord2d";
	attribute_coord2d = glGetAttribLocation(program, attribute_name);
	if(attribute_coord2d == -1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind attribute %s\n", attribute_name);
		return;
	}

	const char *uniform_name = "orthograph";
	GLint uniform_ortho = glGetUniformLocation(program, uniform_name);
	if(uniform_ortho == -1) {
		fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind uniform %s\n", uniform_name);
		return;
	}

	glUseProgram(program);
	mat4 orthograph;
	mat4_orthagonal(WIDTH, HEIGHT, orthograph);
	glUniformMatrix4fv(uniform_ortho, 1, GL_FALSE, orthograph);

}

static void on_render(GtkGLArea *area, GdkGLContext *context) {

	g_print("on render\n");

	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

	glUseProgram(program);

	glBindVertexArray(vao);
	glEnableVertexAttribArray(attribute_coord2d);

	glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo_triangle);
	glVertexAttribPointer(
		attribute_coord2d,
		2,
		GL_FLOAT,
		GL_FALSE,
		0,
		0
	);

	glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);
	glDisableVertexAttribArray(attribute_coord2d);

}

Vertex Shader

shader/vertex.glsl

#version 120

uniform mat4 orthograph;
attribute vec2 coord2d;

void main (void) {

	gl_Position = orthograph * vec4(coord2d, 0.0, 1.0);
}

Compile

$ gcc -c -o DashGL/dashgl.o DashGL/dashgl.c -lepoxy -lpng -lm
$ gcc `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0` main.c DashGL/dashgl.o `pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0` \
-lepoxy -lm -lpng

Run

$ ./a.out