Player Acceleration
Simple Astroids clone
Published
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Conforming with Newton’s laws of physics, we want our sprite to continue moving unless acted upon by another force. We will use two values, dx, and dy to track the change of distance for each frame we draw. When we move, we will change these values to allow the player sprite to continue moving.
main.c
#include <epoxy/gl.h>
#include <epoxy/glx.h>
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include <math.h>
#include "DashGL/dashgl.h"
static void on_realize(GtkGLArea *area);
static void on_render(GtkGLArea *area, GdkGLContext *context);
static gboolean on_idle(gpointer data);
static gboolean on_keydown(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventKey *event);
static gboolean on_keyup(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventKey *event);
#define WIDTH 640.0f
#define HEIGHT 480.0f
GLuint program;
GLuint vao;
GLint attribute_texcoord, attribute_coord2d;
GLint uniform_mytexture, uniform_mvp;
struct {
GLuint vbo;
GLuint tex;
vec3 pos;
mat4 mvp;
gboolean left;
gboolean right;
gboolean up;
GLfloat rot;
GLfloat dx, dy, max;
} player;
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
GtkWidget *window;
GtkWidget *glArea;
gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
// Initialize Window
window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Astroids Tutorial");
gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER);
gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 640, 480);
gtk_window_set_type_hint(GTK_WINDOW(window), GDK_WINDOW_TYPE_HINT_UTILITY);
g_signal_connect(window, "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL);
g_signal_connect(window, "key-press-event", G_CALLBACK(on_keydown), NULL);
g_signal_connect(window, "key-release-event", G_CALLBACK(on_keyup), NULL);
// Initialize GTK GL Area
glArea = gtk_gl_area_new();
gtk_widget_set_vexpand(glArea, TRUE);
gtk_widget_set_hexpand(glArea, TRUE);
g_signal_connect(glArea, "realize", G_CALLBACK(on_realize), NULL);
g_signal_connect(glArea, "render", G_CALLBACK(on_render), NULL);
gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), glArea);
// Show widgets
gtk_widget_show_all(window);
gtk_main();
return 0;
}
static void on_realize(GtkGLArea *area) {
// Debug Message
g_print("on realize\n");
gtk_gl_area_make_current(area);
if(gtk_gl_area_get_error(area) != NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Unknown error\n");
return;
}
const GLubyte *renderer = glGetString(GL_RENDER);
const GLubyte *version = glGetString(GL_VERSION);
printf("Renderer: %s\n", renderer);
printf("OpenGL version supported %s\n", version);
glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
glGenVertexArrays(1, &vao);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
GLfloat player_vertices[] = {
-24.0, -24.0, 0.0, 0.0,
-24.0, 24.0, 0.0, 1.0,
24.0, 24.0, 1.0, 1.0,
-24.0, -24.0, 0.0, 0.0,
24.0, 24.0, 1.0, 1.0,
24.0, -24.0, 1.0, 0.0
};
glGenBuffers(1, &player.vbo);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, player.vbo);
glBufferData(
GL_ARRAY_BUFFER,
sizeof(player_vertices),
player_vertices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW
);
player.pos[0] = WIDTH / 2.0f;
player.pos[1] = HEIGHT / 2.0f;
player.pos[2] = 0.0;
player.left = FALSE;
player.right = FALSE;
player.up = FALSE;
mat4_translate(player.pos, player.mvp);
player.tex = shader_load_texture("sprites/player.png");
player.dx = 0.0f;
player.dy = 0.0f;
player.max = 8.0f;
const char *vs = "shader/vertex.glsl";
const char *fs = "shader/fragment.glsl";
program = shader_load_program(vs, fs);
const char *attribute_name = "coord2d";
attribute_coord2d = glGetAttribLocation(program, attribute_name);
if(attribute_coord2d == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind attribute %s\n", attribute_name);
return;
}
const char *uniform_name = "orthograph";
GLint uniform_ortho = glGetUniformLocation(program, uniform_name);
if(uniform_ortho == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind uniform %s\n", uniform_name);
return;
}
uniform_name = "mvp";
uniform_mvp = glGetUniformLocation(program, uniform_name);
if(uniform_mvp == -1) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not bind uniform %s\n", uniform_name);
return;
}
glUseProgram(program);
mat4 orthograph;
mat4_orthagonal(WIDTH, HEIGHT, orthograph);
glUniformMatrix4fv(uniform_ortho, 1, GL_FALSE, orthograph);
g_timeout_add(20, on_idle, (void*)area);
}
static void on_render(GtkGLArea *area, GdkGLContext *context) {
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
glUseProgram(program);
glBindVertexArray(vao);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(attribute_coord2d);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(attribute_texcoord);
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, player.tex);
glUniform1i(uniform_mytexture, 0);
mat4 pos, rot;
mat4_translate(player.pos, pos);
mat4_rotate_z(player.rot, rot);
mat4_multiply(pos, rot, player.mvp);
glUniformMatrix4fv(uniform_mvp, 1, GL_FALSE, player.mvp);
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, player.vbo);
glVertexAttribPointer(
attribute_coord2d,
2,
GL_FLOAT,
GL_FALSE,
sizeof(float) * 4,
0
);
glVertexAttribPointer(
attribute_texcoord,
2,
GL_FLOAT,
GL_FALSE,
sizeof(float) * 4,
(void*)(sizeof(float) * 2)
);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(attribute_coord2d);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(attribute_texcoord);
}
static gboolean on_idle(gpointer data) {
if(player.right) {
player.rot -= 0.05f;
}
if(player.left) {
player.rot += 0.05f;
}
float dx, dy;
if(player.up) {
player.dx -= sin(player.rot) * 0.05;
player.dy += cos(player.rot) * 0.05;
}
if(player.dx <-player.max) {
player.dx = -player.max;
} else if(player.dx > player.max) {
player.dx = player.max;
}
if(player.dy <-player.max) {
player.dy = -player.max;
} else if(player.dy > player.max) {
player.dy = player.max;
}
player.pos[0] += player.dx;
player.pos[1] += player.dy;
gtk_widget_queue_draw(GTK_WIDGET(data));
return TRUE;
}
static gboolean on_keydown(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventKey *event) {
switch(event->keyval) {
case GDK_KEY_Left:
player.left = TRUE;
break;
case GDK_KEY_Right:
player.right = TRUE;
break;
case GDK_KEY_Up:
player.up = TRUE;
break;
}
}
static gboolean on_keyup(GtkWidget *widget, GdkEventKey *event) {
switch(event->keyval) {
case GDK_KEY_Left:
player.left = FALSE;
break;
case GDK_KEY_Right:
player.right = FALSE;
break;
case GDK_KEY_Up:
player.up = FALSE;
break;
}
}
Compile
$ gcc -c -o DashGL/dashgl.o DashGL/dashgl.c -lepoxy -lpng -lm
$ gcc `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0` main.c DashGL/dashgl.o `pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0` \
-lepoxy -lm -lpngRun
$ ./a.out